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		<h2 class="pull-left">Trường THCS Vĩnh Thạnh Trung</h2>
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		<h1>“Một số thủ thuật giúp học sinh giỏi nhận biết, dự đoán và giải thích hiện tượng hóa học môn khoa học tự nhiên cấp trung học cơ sở”</h1>
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			“Một số thủ thuật giúp học sinh giỏi nhận biết, dự đoán và giải thích hiện tượng hóa học môn khoa học tự nhiên cấp trung học cơ sở”
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			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">TRƯỜNG THCS VĨNH THẠNH TRUNG</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">BẢN M&Ocirc; TẢ NỘI DUNG CƠ BẢN CỦA S&Aacute;NG KIẾN</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Đ&iacute;nh k&egrave;m Đơn Y&ecirc;u cầu c&ocirc;ng nhận s&aacute;ng kiến số&hellip;&hellip;./SK-THCSVTT</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">T&ecirc;n s&aacute;ng kiến<em>: </em></span></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&ldquo;Một số thủ thuật gi&uacute;p học sinh giỏi nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch hiện tượng h&oacute;a học m&ocirc;n khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n cấp trung học cơ sở&rdquo;</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">T&aacute;c giả: <strong>Ch&acirc;u Trần T&acirc;n Quốc</strong></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">1. Thực trạng:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Đa số học sinh trường trung học cơ sở Vĩnh Thạnh Trung chăm ngoan v&agrave; học tập tốt. Tỷ lệ học sinh giỏi về bộ m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n hằng năm rất cao . B&ecirc;n cạnh đ&oacute; được sự quan t&acirc;m của Ban gi&aacute;m hiệu về mặt học tập cũng như gi&aacute;o dục đạo đức cho học sinh v&agrave; trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh học tập cũng như giảng dạy, cả thầy v&agrave; tr&ograve; đ&atilde; c&ugrave;ng nhau cố gắng rất nhiều để khắc phục c&aacute;c mặt c&ograve;n hạn chế về học tập của học sinh. Trường c&oacute; cơ sở vật chất đầy đủ v&agrave; khang trang (đồ d&ugrave;ng dạy học, ph&ograve;ng bộ m&ocirc;n l&yacute;, h&oacute;a, sinh &hellip;.) v&agrave; đội ngũ gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n nhiệt t&igrave;nh, c&oacute; tay nghề vững v&agrave;ng. Những điều kiện đ&oacute; rất thuận lợi cho cả việc giảng dạy của gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n v&agrave; học tập của học sinh.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Với thực trạng hiện nay th&igrave; m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n l&agrave; m&ocirc;n học kh&oacute; v&igrave; gồm ba mạch kiến thức l&yacute;, h&oacute;a. Khi n&oacute;i đến vấn đề l&yacute; thuyết th&igrave; học sinh c&oacute; thể học thuộc nhưng khi va chạm đến phương tr&igrave;nh, hiện tượng h&oacute;a học l&agrave; va chạm đến thực nghiệm th&igrave; đ&ograve;i hỏi học sinh phải nắm vững bản chất. <span style="color:black">Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; thế bản th&acirc;n suy nghĩ cần phải c&oacute; giải ph&aacute;p v&agrave; thời gian để bồi dưỡng nhằm n&acirc;ng chất lượng v&agrave; kết quả cao hơn.</span> Thực tế hiện nay th&igrave; hầu như ở c&aacute;c tỉnh đều chưa c&oacute; chương tr&igrave;nh hay nội dung cụ thể trong bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi m&ocirc;n khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n (chỉ c&oacute; định hướng chung l&agrave; n&acirc;ng cao chương tr&igrave;nh hiện h&agrave;nh), người gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n khi nhận nhiệm vụ n&agrave;y phải tự m&igrave;nh đề ra nội dung bồi dưỡng cho ph&ugrave; hợp với t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh thực tế của đơn vị, đồng thời phải đ&aacute;p ứng được y&ecirc;u cầu của đề thi nhằm đạt kết quả tốt nhất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qua tham khảo nhiều s&aacute;ch b&agrave;i tập, s&aacute;ch n&acirc;ng cao kiến thức, c&aacute;c chuy&ecirc;n đề bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi, t&ocirc;i thấy rằng c&aacute;c s&aacute;ch bi&ecirc;n soạn kh&ocirc;ng theo một tr&igrave;nh tự nhất định n&agrave;o, do đ&oacute; học sinh phải c&ugrave;ng l&uacute;c tham khảo hay tự học tr&ecirc;n nhiều quyển s&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c nhau (kh&ocirc;ng đủ thời gian). Bản th&acirc;n qua nhiều năm bồi dưỡng, t&ocirc;i nhận ra rằng cần phải c&oacute; một hệ thống kiến thức đ&aacute;p ứng được y&ecirc;u cầu dự thi học sinh giỏi để học sinh dễ d&agrave;ng nghi&ecirc;n cứu hơn</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Với những l&yacute; do tr&ecirc;n t&ocirc;i đ&atilde; t&igrave;m t&ograve;i nghi&ecirc;n cứu, tham khảo tư liệu v&agrave; &aacute;p dụng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng: </span></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&ldquo;Một số thủ thuật gi&uacute;p học sinh giỏi nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch hiện tượng h&oacute;a học m&ocirc;n khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n cấp trung học cơ sở&rdquo;</span></span></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;nhằm gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c em c&oacute; nhiều kinh nghiệm th&aacute;o gỡ c&aacute;c b&agrave;i tập về phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học, nhận biết hiện tượng h&oacute;a học trong đề thi học sinh giỏi m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n cấp THCS.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2. Nội dung s&aacute;ng kiến:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;2.1. T&iacute;nh mới, t&iacute;nh s&aacute;ng tạo</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* <strong>T&iacute;nh mới</strong>:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n dạng v&agrave; đưa ra phương ph&aacute;p giải c&aacute;c b&agrave;i&nbsp; tập về nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch c&aacute;c hiện tượng h&oacute;a học nhằm mục đ&iacute;ch bồi dưỡng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t triển kiến thức kỹ năng cho học sinh vừa bền vững, vừa s&acirc;u sắc; ph&aacute;t huy tối đa sự tham gia t&iacute;ch cực của người học. Học sinh c&oacute; khả năng tự t&igrave;m ra kiến thức, tự m&igrave;nh tham gia c&aacute;c hoạt động để củng cố vững chắc kiến thức, r&egrave;n luyện được kỹ năng.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;<span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Phương ph&aacute;p</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> giải c&aacute;c b&agrave;i&nbsp; tập về&nbsp; nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch c&aacute;c hiện tượng h&oacute;a học</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> l&agrave; một nhu cầu rất cần thiết của mỗi gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n dạy bồi dưỡng, c&oacute; được đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y thầy v&agrave; tr&ograve; sẽ kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n l&uacute;ng t&uacute;ng mỗi khi gặp b&agrave;i tập kh&oacute;. Đồng thời đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y đ&atilde; th&aacute;o gỡ những kh&oacute; khăn v&agrave; vướng mắc của học sinh giữa l&yacute; thuyết v&agrave; thực nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Điểm mới&nbsp; của việc &aacute;p dụng kinh nghiệm tr&ecirc;n đ&oacute; l&agrave; trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh giải quyết b&agrave;i tập mẫu của mỗi dạng t&ocirc;i đều đưa ra những gợi &yacute;, những t&igrave;nh huống c&oacute; thể xảy ra, hướng dẫn học sinh ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch t&igrave;m ra c&aacute;ch giải chung để từ đ&oacute; học sinh c&oacute; th&oacute;i quen nghi&ecirc;n cứu, ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch v&agrave; x&aacute;c định đ&uacute;ng dạng, đ&uacute;ng phương ph&aacute;p giải trước một b&agrave;i to&aacute;n ho&aacute; học</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* <strong>T&iacute;nh s&aacute;ng tạo</strong>:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Một số thủ thuật</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> giải c&aacute;c b&agrave;i&nbsp; tập về&nbsp; nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch c&aacute;c hiện tượng h&oacute;a học m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> gi&uacute;p học sinh giỏi r&egrave;n luyện kỹ năng giải b&agrave;i tập n&acirc;ng cao l&agrave; một &nbsp;nội dung rất mới trong hệ thống b&agrave;i tập m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n. Để trở th&agrave;nh một học sinh giỏi th&igrave; học sinh c&ograve;n phải r&egrave;n luyện nhiều phương ph&aacute;p kh&aacute;c. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, muốn giải bất cứ một b&agrave;i tập n&agrave;o, học sinh cũng phải nắm thật vững kiến thức l&yacute; thuyết. Kh&ocirc;ng ai c&oacute; thể giải đ&uacute;ng một b&agrave;i to&aacute;n nếu kh&ocirc;ng biết chắc phản ứng h&oacute;a học n&agrave;o xảy ra, hoặc nếu xảy ra th&igrave; tạo sản phẩm g&igrave;, điều kiện phản ứng như thế n&agrave;o. Như vậy, nhiệm vụ của gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng những tạo cơ hội cho học sinh r&egrave;n kỹ năng giải b&agrave;i tập h&oacute;a học, m&agrave; c&ograve;n x&acirc;y dựng một nền kiến thức vững chắc, hướng dẫn c&aacute;c em biết kết hợp nhuần nhuyễn những kiến thức kỹ năng với năng lực tư duy c&aacute;c diễn biến của một&nbsp; hiện tượng h&oacute;a học để&nbsp; nhận biết v&agrave; tinh chế c&aacute;c chất</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2.2. Giải ph&aacute;p thực hiện</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Từ thực trạng tr&ecirc;n t&ocirc;i đ&atilde; nghi&ecirc;n cứu v&agrave; thực hiện đề t&agrave;i:<strong> &ldquo;Một số thủ thuật gi&uacute;p học sinh giỏi nhận biết, dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch hiện tượng h&oacute;a học m&ocirc;n khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n cấp trung học cơ sở&rdquo;</strong>. Đề t&agrave;i đ&atilde; được triển khai bằng c&aacute;c giải ph&aacute;p sau:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* Một số y&ecirc;u cầu chung:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Phải nắm vững c&aacute;c kiến thức về t&iacute;nh chất vật l&yacute;, t&iacute;nh chất h&oacute;a học, ứng dụng, điều chế c&aacute;c loại chất đ&atilde; học trong chương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Biết li&ecirc;n hệ c&aacute;c kiến thức h&oacute;a học đ&atilde; học trong chương tr&igrave;nh với c&aacute;c hiện tượng thường xảy ra trong tự nhi&ecirc;n, trong cuộc sống v&agrave; sản xuất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Hiểu c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n tắc v&agrave; nhớ một số thao t&aacute;c cơ bản trong thực h&agrave;nh th&iacute; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp; Ph&acirc;n dạng v&agrave; phương ph&aacute;p giải:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2.2.1. Nhận biết chất hoặc chứng minh chất c&oacute; trong hỗn hợp.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a) C&aacute;c bước thực hiện:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Bước 1:</strong> Ph&acirc;n loại c&aacute;c chất mất nh&atilde;n hoặc c&aacute;c chất cần chứng minh.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Bước 2:</strong> Liệt k&ecirc; c&aacute;c t&iacute;nh chất đặc trưng (ri&ecirc;ng biệt) của từng chất để x&aacute;c định chất n&agrave;o c&oacute; thể nhận biết trước (hoặc chứng minh).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Bước 3:</strong> Chọn thuốc thử th&iacute;ch hợp v&agrave; lập kế hoạch để thực hiện nhận biết.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Bước 4:</strong> Tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y lời giải:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Tr&iacute;ch mẫu c&aacute;c chất để l&agrave;m th&iacute; nghiệm (nếu chất kh&iacute; th&igrave; bỏ bước n&agrave;y).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - N&ecirc;u chất chọn l&agrave;m thuốc thử, chất nhận ra được, dấu hiệu nhận biết, viết c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Ch&uacute; &yacute;: </strong>Dấu hiệu để nhận biết một chất phải rất đặc trưng, dễ d&agrave;ng quan s&aacute;t được như: sự thay đổi m&agrave;u sắc; xuất hiện kết tủa; sủi bọt kh&iacute;; c&oacute; m&ugrave;i đặc trưng;&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b) Bảng t&oacute;m tắt một số thuốc thử thường d&ugrave;ng v&agrave; dấu hiệu nhận biết.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<table align="center" cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:199px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Chất cần nhận biết</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:146px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Thuốc thử</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:292px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dấu hiệu (hiện tượng)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch axit</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m h&oacute;a đỏ</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Phenolphtalein</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m h&oacute;a xanh</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Phenolphtalein h&oacute;a hồng</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> v&agrave; muối sulfate (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" width="41" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kết tủa trắng: BaSO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HCl v&agrave; muối chloride (<img alt="" height="19" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png" width="29" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch AgNO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kết tủa trắng: AgCl</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HBr v&agrave; muối bromide (<img alt="" height="17" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png" width="32" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch AgNO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kết tủa v&agrave;ng: AgBr</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối Cu (II) (m&agrave;u xanh lam)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kết tủa xanh lơ: Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối Fe (II) (m&agrave;u lục nhạt)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kết tủa trắng xanh bị h&oacute;a n&acirc;u đỏ trong nước</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png" width="205" /></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">(trắng xanh)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (n&acirc;u đỏ)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối Fe (III) (m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng n&acirc;u)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kết tủa n&acirc;u đỏ: Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối Al, Zn, Cr (III),&hellip;(muối của kim loại c&oacute; hiđroxit lưỡng t&iacute;nh</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">(Nhỏ từ từ đến dư)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Xuất hiện kết tủa, sau đ&oacute; tan trong kiềm dư:</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ: </span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> + NaOH <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png" width="41" />&nbsp;NaAlO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối amoni (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png" width="44" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm, đun nhẹ</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; c&oacute; m&ugrave;i khai: NH<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối phosphate (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png" width="44" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch AgNO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kết tủa v&agrave;ng: Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối carbonate (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png" width="43" />)</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối sulfite (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png" width="41" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Axit HCl, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Nước v&ocirc;i trong</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- C&oacute; kh&iacute; tho&aacute;t ra: CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> (m&ugrave;i xốc)</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Nước v&ocirc;i trong bị vẩn đục: CaCO<sub>3</sub>, CaSO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối silicate (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png" width="45" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Axit HCl, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>,..</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; chất kết tủa keo H<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Muối nitrat (<img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.png" width="44" />)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Axit H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> lo&atilde;ng + Cu</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch m&agrave;u xanh, c&oacute; kh&iacute; kh&ocirc;ng m&agrave;u h&oacute;a n&acirc;u ngo&agrave;i kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2NO + O<sub>2</sub> <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png" width="41" />&nbsp;2NO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kim loại hoạt động (trước H trong d&atilde;y hoạt động kim loại)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch axit HCl, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> lo&atilde;ng.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kh&iacute; bay ra: H<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">K, Ba, Ca, Na, Li (trước Mg trong d&atilde;y hoạt động kim loại)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Hơ tr&ecirc;n đ&egrave;n kh&iacute;, quan s&aacute;t m&agrave;u ngọn lửa.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- C&oacute; kh&iacute; tho&aacute;t ra (H<sub>2</sub>) v&agrave; tỏa nhiều nhiệt</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Na (v&agrave;ng); K (t&iacute;m); Li (đỏ); Ca (đỏ cam); Ba (lục v&agrave;ng).</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kim loại c&oacute; bazơ lưỡng t&iacute;nh: Al, Zn,&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch kiềm</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kim loại tan, sủi bọt kh&iacute; (H<sub>2</sub>)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kim loại yếu: Cu, Ag</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HNO<sub>3</sub> đặc</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kim loại tan, c&oacute; kh&iacute; m&agrave;u n&acirc;u (NO<sub>2</sub>)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hợp chất c&oacute; kim loại h&oacute;a trị thấp như: FeO, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, FeS, FeS<sub>2</sub>, Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>S</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HNO<sub>3</sub> đặc, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> đặc</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kh&iacute; bay ra: NO<sub>2</sub> (m&agrave;u n&acirc;u); SO<sub>2</sub> (m&ugrave;i hắc)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">BaO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">CaO</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">H&ograve;a tan v&agrave;o H<sub>2</sub>O v&agrave; d&ugrave;ng quỳ t&iacute;m.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Tan, tạo dung dịch l&agrave;m qu&igrave; t&iacute;m h&oacute;a xanh.</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Tan, tạo dung dịch đục</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Tan, tạo dung dịch l&agrave;m qu&igrave; t&iacute;m h&oacute;a đỏ.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">SiO<sub>2</sub> (thủy tinh)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HF</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Chất rắn bị tan ra.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">CuO</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ag<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">MnO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch HCl (nếu l&agrave; MnO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub> th&igrave; đun nhẹ)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Dung dịch m&agrave;u xanh l&aacute;: CuCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Kết tủa trắng: AgCl</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- C&oacute; kh&iacute; m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng lục Cl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; SO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Dung dịch Br<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Kh&iacute; H<sub>2</sub>S</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- L&agrave;m mất m&agrave;u da cam của dung dịch Br<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Xuất hiện chất rắn m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng (S).</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; H<sub>2</sub>S</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Dung dịch CuCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Dung dịch Br<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Xuất hiện kết tủa đen (CuS)</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- L&agrave;m mất m&agrave;u da cam của dung dịch Br<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Nước v&ocirc;i trong</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Nước v&ocirc;i trong bị vẩn đục (do kết tủa) CaCO<sub>3</sub>, CaSO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">SO<sub>3</sub> (lỏng, dễ h&oacute;a hơi)</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; kết tủa trắng: BaSO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; HCl</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm h&oacute;a đỏ</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; NH<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm h&oacute;a xanh</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub> (v&agrave;ng lục)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qu&igrave; t&iacute;m ẩm h&oacute;a xanh sau đ&oacute; mất m&agrave;u</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; O<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Than hồng</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Than hồng b&ugrave;ng ch&aacute;y</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; CO</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Đốt trong kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Dung dịch PdCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- CuO nung n&oacute;ng</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Ch&aacute;y, ngọn lửa m&agrave;u xanh nhạt</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p>&nbsp;</p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- C&oacute; kết tủa v&agrave;ng (Pd)</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Chất rắn m&agrave;u đen chuyển sang m&agrave;u đỏ</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&iacute; NO</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Tiếp x&uacute;c với kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">H&oacute;a n&acirc;u do chuyển th&agrave;nh NO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2NO + O<sub>2</sub> <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png" width="41" />&nbsp;2NO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối của axit mạnh v&agrave; bazơ yếu như: NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Quỳ t&iacute;m</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Quỳ t&iacute;m h&oacute;a đỏ</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:199px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối của axit yếu v&agrave; bazơ mạnh như: Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>S,&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:146px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Quỳ t&iacute;m</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:292px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Quỳ t&iacute;m h&oacute;a xanh</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:638px">
			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dung dịch muối hiđrosunfate (NaHSO<sub>4</sub>, KHSO<sub>4</sub>&hellip;) c&oacute; t&iacute;nh chất như dung dịch H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> lo&atilde;ng.</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ch&uacute; &yacute;:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nếu chất A l&agrave; thuốc thử của chất B th&igrave; chất B cũng l&agrave; thuốc thử của chất A.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - N&ecirc;u ưu ti&ecirc;n chọn c&aacute;c thuốc thử sao cho xảy ra &iacute;t phản ứng h&oacute;a học nhất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nếu đề b&agrave;i cho thuốc thử hạn chế, th&igrave; chọn l&agrave;m thuốc thử phải nhận ra &iacute;t nhất một chất, sao cho chất n&agrave;y c&oacute; thể l&agrave;m thuốc thử cho c&aacute;c chất c&ograve;n lại.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nếu đề kh&ocirc;ng cho lấy th&ecirc;m chất kh&aacute;c, th&igrave; thường đun n&oacute;ng (nhiệt ph&acirc;n) hoặc cho c&aacute;c chất t&aacute;c dụng đ&ocirc;i một (thường lập bảng m&ocirc; tả hiện tượng).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nhận biết chất rắn thường d&ugrave;ng chất lỏng hoặc dung dịch (nước, axit, kiềm,&hellip;).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">c) C&aacute;c v&iacute; dụ minh họa theo dạng:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dạng 1: Nhận biết c&aacute;c chất mất nh&atilde;n ri&ecirc;ng biệt (kh&ocirc;ng hạn chế thuốc thử):</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Nhận biết c&aacute;c dung dịch sau đ&acirc;y đựng ri&ecirc;ng trong c&aacute;c lọ mất nh&atilde;n. C&aacute;c dụng cụ th&iacute; nghiệm v&agrave; h&oacute;a chất c&oacute; đủ: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCl, BaCl<sub>2</sub>, NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aacute;c chất gồm 2 dung dịch axit; 2 dung dịch kiềm, 1 dung dịch muối trung t&iacute;nh. V&igrave; vậy khi thử bằng quỳ t&iacute;m sẽ nhận ra được một chất v&agrave; ph&acirc;n biệt 2 nh&oacute;m chất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr&iacute;ch c&aacute;c chất th&agrave;nh c&aacute;c mẫu thử.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử lần lượt c&aacute;c mẫu chất bằng quỳ t&iacute;m nhận ra dung dịch BaCl<sub>2</sub> kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m đổi m&agrave;u quỳ t&iacute;m v&agrave; ph&acirc;n biệt 2 nh&oacute;m: Nh&oacute;m I: (HCl, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) l&agrave;m quỳ t&iacute;m h&oacute;a đỏ; Nh&oacute;m II: (NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) l&agrave;m quỳ t&iacute;m h&oacute;a xanh.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử c&aacute;c mẫu nh&oacute;m I bằng dung dịch BaCl<sub>2</sub>, nhận ra H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> v&igrave; c&oacute; kết tủa trắng, mẫu c&ograve;n lại l&agrave; HCl.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BaCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;BaSO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử c&aacute;c mẫu nh&oacute;m II bằng dung dịch Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, nhận ra dung dịch Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> nhờ xuất hiện kết tủa trắng, mẫu c&ograve;n lại l&agrave; NaOH.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2NaOH</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dạng 2: Nhận biết c&aacute;c chất mất nh&atilde;n ri&ecirc;ng biệt (hạn chế thuốc thử):</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ :</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Nhận biết c&aacute;c dung dịch sau đ&acirc;y (chỉ được lấy th&ecirc;m một axit): BaCl<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NaOH, Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Viết c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học xảy ra? </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Axit photphoric H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> kh&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c dụng được với BaCl<sub>2</sub> nhưng t&aacute;c dụng được với Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Dung dịch Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub> l&agrave; thuốc thử của H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; c&ograve;n H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> lại l&agrave; thuốc thử của dung dịch BaCl<sub>2</sub>. V&igrave; vậy axit chọn l&agrave; H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr&iacute;ch c&aacute;c chất th&agrave;nh c&aacute;c mẫu thử.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử c&aacute;c mẫu bằng dung dịch H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, mẫu n&agrave;o c&oacute; kết tủa trắng l&agrave; Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Ba<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 6H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3NaOH&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 3H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử c&aacute;c mẫu c&ograve;n lại bằng dung dịch Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>, nhận ra dung dịch H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> v&igrave; c&oacute; kết tủa trắng.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;BaSO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Thử hai mẫu c&ograve;n lại bằng dung dịch H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, nếu c&oacute; kết tủa trắng l&agrave; mẫu BaCl<sub>2</sub>. Mẫu kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; kết tủa l&agrave; NaOH.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BaCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;BaSO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dạng 3: Nhận biết c&aacute;c chất mất nh&atilde;n ri&ecirc;ng biệt (kh&ocirc;ng d&ugrave;ng thuốc thử):</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&oacute; c&aacute;c dung dịch đựng trong c&aacute;c lọ mất nh&atilde;n: K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>; BaCl<sub>2</sub>; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; HCl.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh&ocirc;ng được lấy th&ecirc;m chất kh&aacute;c, h&atilde;y n&ecirc;u phương ph&aacute;p nhận biết c&aacute;c dung dịch, viết c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học xảy ra.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ta thấy khi cho c&aacute;c mẫu t&aacute;c dụng đ&ocirc;i một th&igrave; kết quả l&agrave;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>: 1<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" />&nbsp;+ 2<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" />; BaCl<sub>2</sub>: 1<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" />; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: 1<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" />&nbsp;+ 2<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" />; HCl: 1<img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vậy hiện tượng tạo ra từ c&aacute;c mẫu chất l&agrave; kh&aacute;c nhau.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr&iacute;ch c&aacute;c chất th&agrave;nh c&aacute;c mẫu thử.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nhỏ lần lượt mỗi mẫu chất v&agrave;o c&aacute;c mẫu c&ograve;n lại, kết quả theo bảng sau:</span></span></span></span></p>

<table align="center" cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:73px">
			<p style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:71px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:72px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:66px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">HCl</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:73px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:71px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:72px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:66px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:73px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:71px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:72px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:66px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:73px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:71px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:72px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:66px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:73px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">HCl</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:71px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png" width="15" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:72px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:66px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="13" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png" width="12" /></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Nhận x&eacute;t:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chất n&agrave;o c&oacute; 2 lần tạo kh&iacute; v&agrave; 1 lần tạo kết tủa l&agrave; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chất n&agrave;o c&oacute; 2 lần tạo kết tủa (kh&ocirc;ng sinh kh&iacute;) l&agrave; BaCl<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chất n&agrave;o c&oacute; 1 lần tạo kh&iacute; v&agrave; 1 lần tạo kết tủa l&agrave; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chất n&agrave;o c&oacute; 1 lần tạo kh&iacute; l&agrave; HCl.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; BaCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;BaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2KCl</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;2KCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BaCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;BaSO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dạng 4: Nhận biết c&aacute;c chất trong c&ugrave;ng hỗn hợp (chứng minh).</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Một hỗn hợp kh&iacute; gồm CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>. N&ecirc;u c&aacute;ch nhận biết mỗi kh&iacute; trong hỗn hợp. Viết c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học của phản ứng xảy ra.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chứng minh c&aacute;c kh&iacute; trong hỗn hợp, thường kết hợp giữa nhận biết bằng dấu hiệu (hiện tượng) v&agrave; loại bỏ chất vừa nhận biết ra khỏi hỗn hợp, v&igrave; vậy thường dẫn hỗn hợp kh&iacute; lần lượt đ&oacute; qua b&igrave;nh đựng c&aacute;c thuốc thử lấy dư.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dẫn hỗn hợp kh&iacute; qua b&igrave;nh đựng dung dịch brom dư, nếu dung dịch brom bị nhạt m&agrave;u th&igrave; chứng tỏ trong hỗn hợp c&oacute; kh&iacute; SO<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Br<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HBr</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dẫn hỗn kh&iacute; c&ograve;n lại v&agrave;o dung dịch nước v&ocirc;i trong dư, thấy dung dịch nước v&ocirc;i trong bị đục th&igrave; chứng tỏ hỗn hợp kh&iacute; c&oacute; CO<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh&iacute; tho&aacute;t ra được dẫn v&agrave;o ống đựng một &iacute;t bột CuO nung n&oacute;ng, nếu chất rắn m&agrave;u đen chuyển th&agrave;nh m&agrave;u đỏ th&igrave; trong hỗn hợp c&oacute; kh&iacute; H<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; CuO&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Cu&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2.2.2. Dự đo&aacute;n v&agrave; giải th&iacute;ch c&aacute;c hiện tượng h&oacute;a học.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. Nguy&ecirc;n tắc:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Phải n&ecirc;u đầy đủ c&aacute;c hiện tượng xảy ra như: chất rắn bị tan, xuất hiện kết tủa, sủi bọt kh&iacute;, sự đổi m&agrave;u, m&ugrave;i, tỏa nhiệt, ch&aacute;y, nổ,&hellip;. Viết đầy đủ c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học minh họa.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - C&aacute;c hiện tượng v&agrave; c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học phải được sắp xếp theo đ&uacute;ng tr&igrave;nh tự xảy ra trong th&iacute; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. Một số ch&uacute; &yacute;:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Một số trường hợp cho chất A v&agrave;o chất B sẽ c&oacute; kết quả định t&iacute;nh kh&aacute;c với khi cho chất B v&agrave;o chất A. V&iacute; dụ:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Cho từ từ dung dịch Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> v&agrave;o dung dịch HCl th&igrave; kh&iacute; giải ph&oacute;ng li&ecirc;n tục.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;2NaCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Cho từ từ dung dịch HCl v&agrave;o dung dịch Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> th&igrave; l&uacute;c đầu kh&ocirc;ng tho&aacute;t kh&iacute;, sau một thời gian mới c&oacute; kh&iacute; tho&aacute;t ra.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;NaHCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; NaCl</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HCl <sub>dư</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; NaHCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;NaCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nguy&ecirc;n tắc thu kh&iacute; v&agrave;o b&igrave;nh bằng phương ph&aacute;p dời chỗ kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Kh&iacute; nặng hơn kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute; th&igrave; đặt đứng b&igrave;nh như: CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Kh&iacute; nhẹ hơn kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute; th&igrave; đặt ngược b&igrave;nh như: H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nguy&ecirc;n tắc thu kh&iacute; v&agrave;o b&igrave;nh bằng phương ph&aacute;p dời chỗ nước: Chỉ &aacute;p dụng cho c&aacute;c kh&iacute; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; phản ứng với nước; kh&ocirc;ng tan trong nước hoặc rất &iacute;t tan trong nước như: O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>,&hellip;</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Trong c&aacute;c thiết bị điều chế kh&iacute;, người ta thường lắp th&ecirc;m c&aacute;c b&igrave;nh loại bỏ tạp chất v&agrave; b&igrave;nh h&uacute;t ẩm. B&igrave;nh h&uacute;t ẩm thường chứa c&aacute;c chất hấp thụ được hơi nước như: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> đặc, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, muối khan, kiềm khan,&hellip; Thiết bị h&uacute;t ẩm đặt sau c&ugrave;ng (đặt ngay trước b&igrave;nh thu kh&iacute;). Chất chọn h&uacute;t ẩm kh&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c dụng với chất kh&iacute; cần thu v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng phản ứng với c&aacute;c kh&iacute; tạp tạo ra c&aacute;c sản phẩm kh&iacute; kh&aacute;c.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">c. Một số v&iacute; dụ minh họa:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ :</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Cho h&igrave;nh vẽ m&ocirc; tả th&iacute; nghiệm điều chế kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub> từ MnO<sub>2</sub> v&agrave; HCl đặc:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="135" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.jpg" width="458" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học điều chế kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub>.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Cho biết kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub> sinh ra thường lẫn những tạp chất n&agrave;o? Để thu được kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub> kh&ocirc; th&igrave; b&igrave;nh (1) v&agrave; b&igrave;nh (2) lần lượt đựng dung dịch chất n&agrave;o?</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Cho biết vai tr&ograve; của b&ocirc;ng tẩm dung dịch NaOH? Viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học minh họa (nếu c&oacute;).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MnO<sub>2</sub> + 4HCl <sub>đặc</sub> <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image040.png" width="45" />&nbsp;MnCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) C&aacute;c tạp chất kh&iacute;: Hơi nước, HCl.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Để thu kh&iacute; Cl<sub>2</sub> kh&ocirc; th&igrave; b&igrave;nh (1) thường d&ugrave;ng dung dịch NaCl b&atilde;o h&ograve;a, b&igrave;nh (2) đựng H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> đặc.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dung dịch NaCl b&atilde;o h&ograve;a hấp thụ kh&iacute; HCl, do độ tan của HCl lớn hơn so với độ tan của Cl<sub>2</sub> n&ecirc;n Cl<sub>2</sub> bị h&ograve;a tan kh&ocirc;ng đ&aacute;ng kể.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dung dịch H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> đặc c&oacute; t&aacute;c dụng h&uacute;t nước.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) V&igrave; Cl<sub>2</sub> l&agrave; kh&iacute; rất độc, n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng b&ocirc;ng tẩm dung dịch NaOH để hấp thụ Cl<sub>2</sub> kh&ocirc;ng cho Cl<sub>2</sub> tho&aacute;t ra g&acirc;y độc hại cho m&ocirc;i trường.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2.3. Pha chế dung dịch v&agrave; phương ph&aacute;p định lượng hỗn hợp.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a) Phương ph&aacute;p:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none; margin-left:7px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:264px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Pha chế dung dịch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:360px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Phương ph&aacute;p định lượng hỗn hợp</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:264px">
			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Bước 1: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">T&iacute;nh to&aacute;n h&oacute;a học để x&aacute;c định chất, lượng dung dịch cần lấy để pha chế.</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Bước 2: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">N&ecirc;u c&aacute;ch pha chế</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + C&acirc;n lấy chất rắn (hoặc đong lấy chất lỏng) theo t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n ở bước, cho v&agrave;o cốc đủ lớn.</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Trộn c&aacute;c chất v&agrave;o nhau, khuấy cho tan (nếu pha chế theo khối lượng).</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + Cho từ từ chất lỏng v&agrave;o cốc đến vạch thể t&iacute;ch cần đạt (nếu phan chế theo thể t&iacute;ch)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; width:360px">
			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Bước 1: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&acirc;n lấy m<sub>1</sub> (gam) hỗn hợp.</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Bước 2: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Thực hiện c&aacute;c th&iacute; nghiệm vậy l&yacute;, h&oacute;a học để x&aacute;c định lượng một chất (A) trong hỗn hợp (m<sub>2</sub>).</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Bước 3:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> X&aacute;c định % lượng chất</span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="45" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image042.png" width="123" /></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="45" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image044.png" width="152" /></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hoặc:&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.png" width="135" /></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">(L&agrave;m tương tự nếu định lượng thể t&iacute;ch)</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b) Một số v&iacute; dụ minh họa:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Trong ph&ograve;ng th&iacute; nghiệm c&oacute; sẵn chất rắn: CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O v&agrave; dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 10% (khối lượng ri&ecirc;ng D = 1,11 g/ml), nước cất (D = 1 g/ml) v&agrave; c&aacute;c dụng cụ thiết bị.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) N&ecirc;u c&aacute;ch pha chế 80 gam dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 24% từ CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O; nước cất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) N&ecirc;u c&aacute;ch pha chế 250 ml dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 0,5M từ dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 10% v&agrave; nước cất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a) T&iacute;nh to&aacute;n:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Khối lượng CuSO<sub>4</sub> c&oacute; trong 80 gam dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 24%.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image048.png" width="243" /><sub>(cần lấy)</sub> = 30 (gam)</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image050.png" width="35" /><sub>(nước cất cần lấy)</sub> = 80 &ndash; 30 = 50 gam = 50 ml</span></span></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&aacute;ch pha chế:</span></span></strong></li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - C&acirc;n lấy 30 gam tinh thể CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O cho v&agrave;o cốc đủ lớn.</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Đong lấy 50 ml nước cất cho tiếp v&agrave;o cốc khuấy đều cho tan hết.</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vậy ta đ&atilde; pha chế được 80 gam dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 24%.</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b) T&iacute;nh to&aacute;n:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Số mol CuSO<sub>4</sub> c&oacute; trong 250 ml dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 0,5M l&agrave;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image052.png" width="209" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thể t&iacute;ch dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 10% cần lấy:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="45" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image054.png" width="285" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C&aacute;ch pha chế:</span></span></strong></li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Đong lấy 180 ml dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 10% cho v&agrave;o cốc định mức đủ lớn (c&oacute; vạch chia thể t&iacute;ch).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Cho tiếp một &iacute;t nước cất v&agrave;o cốc v&agrave; khuấy đều cho tan. Sau đ&oacute; th&ecirc;m từ từ nước cất v&agrave;o cho đến khi đạt tới vạch 250 ml.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vậy ta đ&atilde; pha chế được 250 ml dung dịch CuSO<sub>4</sub> 0,5M.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">V&iacute; dụ:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Cho hỗn hợp Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.10H<sub>2</sub>O v&agrave; K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Bằng c&aacute;ch n&agrave;o c&oacute; thể x&aacute;c định phần trăm khối lượng c&aacute;c chất c&oacute; trong hỗn hợp. (C&aacute;c h&oacute;a chất v&agrave; dụng cụ th&iacute; nghiệm coi như c&oacute; đủ).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chất rắn Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.10H<sub>2</sub>O khi nung sẽ tho&aacute;t ra phần nước kết tinh. Khối lượng chất rắn giảm xuống ch&iacute;nh bằng khối lượng H<sub>2</sub>O bay hơi. Từ đ&acirc;y &aacute;p dụng tỷ lệ khối lượng Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.10H<sub>2</sub>O v&agrave; H<sub>2</sub>O ta sẽ t&iacute;nh được khối lượng Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.10H<sub>2</sub>O.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - C&acirc;n lấy m<sub>1</sub> (gam) hỗn hợp.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Nung hỗn hợp đến khối lượng kh&ocirc;ng đổi cho nước bay hơi hết.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - C&acirc;n hỗn hợp rắn c&ograve;n lại (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) giả sử được m<sub>2</sub> (gam).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image056.png" width="143" /><img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image058.png" width="243" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phần trăm khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp l&agrave;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="45" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image060.png" width="389" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="45" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image062.png" width="364" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* B&Agrave;I TẬP VẬN DỤNG.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B&agrave;i 1:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Cho th&iacute; nghiệm như h&igrave;nh vẽ b&ecirc;n dưới:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="163" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image064.jpg" width="226" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Viết c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học xảy ra trong th&iacute; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Chọn 5 chất rắn kh&aacute;c thay KMnO<sub>4</sub> m&agrave; vẫn điều chế được Cl<sub>2</sub>. Viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2KMnO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 16HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;2KCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2MnCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 5Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 8H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp; <img alt="" height="27" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image068.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;HCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; HClO</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; NaHCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image070.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;NaCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image070.png" width="41" />&nbsp;&nbsp;CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Chọn KClO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub>, KClO</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; KClO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 6HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image071.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;KCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 3H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 14HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;2KCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2CrCl<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 3Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 7H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MnO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 4HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.png" width="45" />&nbsp;MnCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PbO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 4HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;PbCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; KClO&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HCl<sub> đặc</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="24" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.png" width="45" />&nbsp;&nbsp;KCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; Cl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B&agrave;i 2:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Bằng kiến thức h&oacute;a học, h&atilde;y giải th&iacute;ch c&acirc;u ca dao sau v&agrave; viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">L&uacute;a chi&ecirc;m lấp l&oacute; đầu bờ,</span></span></em></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hễ nghe sấm s&eacute;t phất cờ m&agrave; l&ecirc;n</span></span></em></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Khi c&oacute; sấm s&eacute;t th&igrave; xảy ra phản ứng giữa N<sub>2</sub> v&agrave; O<sub>2</sub> (trong kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; O<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image073.png" width="65" />&nbsp;2NO</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2NO&nbsp; +&nbsp; O<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;2NO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NO<sub>2</sub> tan trong nước mưa th&agrave;nh HNO<sub>3</sub>, lượng HNO<sub>3</sub> theo nước mưa rơi xuống đất t&aacute;c dụng với một số chất trong đất như MgCO<sub>3</sub>, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> (ở c&aacute;c hố ph&acirc;n, hố nước tiểu,&hellip;) tạo ra c&aacute;c muối nitrat tan, chứa đạm bổ sung cho đất.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3NO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;2HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; NO</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoặc: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4NO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp; +&nbsp; O<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;4HNO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MgCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;Mg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NH<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vậy sau những trận mưa gi&ocirc;ng th&igrave; đất được cung cấp th&ecirc;m đạm (N) dưới dạng muối tan, c&acirc;y dễ d&agrave;ng hấp thụ n&ecirc;n sẽ nhanh ch&oacute;ng ph&aacute;t triển xanh tốt.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B&agrave;i 3:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> C&oacute; thể điều chế ph&acirc;n hỗn hợp nitrophotka (NPK) bằng c&aacute;ch trộn: NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>, KCl v&agrave; một chất độn (giả thiết chất độn kh&ocirc;ng chứa c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n tố tr&ecirc;n). X&aacute;c định khối lượng mỗi chất cần lấy để thu được 100 kg ph&acirc;n b&oacute;n NPK c&oacute; chứa 14% về khối lượng mỗi th&agrave;nh phần dinh dưỡng N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T&iacute;nh được </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image076.png" width="178" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bảo to&agrave;n K, P ta c&oacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2KCl </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;K<sub>2</sub>O ; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;2(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image078.png" width="231" />&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image080.png" width="242" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gọi m (gam) l&agrave; khối lượng của NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Theo bảo to&agrave;n lượng N ta c&oacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image082.png" width="259" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B&agrave;i 4:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Khi cho một mẫu kim loại Cu (dư) v&agrave;o ống nghiệm chứa HNO<sub>3</sub> đặc th&igrave; ban đầu c&oacute; kh&iacute; m&agrave;u n&acirc;u tho&aacute;t ra, một thời gian sau thấy c&oacute; kh&iacute; kh&ocirc;ng m&agrave;u h&oacute;a n&acirc;u trong kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute;. Nhỏ tiếp v&agrave;i giọt dung dịch HCl v&agrave;o hỗn hợp sau phản ứng th&igrave; lại thấy tho&aacute;t ra kh&iacute; kh&ocirc;ng m&agrave;u rồi h&oacute;a n&acirc;u trong khồn kh&iacute;. Giải th&iacute;ch v&agrave; viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ban đầu nồng độ HNO<sub>3</sub> đặc n&ecirc;n giải ph&oacute;ng NO<sub>2</sub> (m&agrave;u n&acirc;u).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cu&nbsp; +&nbsp; 4HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2NO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sau một thời gian phản ứng, do số mol HNO<sub>3</sub> giảm v&agrave; do lượng nước sinh ra l&agrave;m cho nồng độ của HNO<sub>3</sub> đủ lo&atilde;ng để giải ph&oacute;ng NO (kh&ocirc;ng m&agrave;u). Kh&iacute; NO t&aacute;c dụng với O<sub>2</sub> trong kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute; chuyển th&agrave;nh NO<sub>2</sub> (m&agrave;u n&acirc;u).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3Cu&nbsp; +&nbsp; 8HNO<sub>3 lo&atilde;ng</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;3Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2NO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 4H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2NO&nbsp; +&nbsp; O<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;2NO<sub>2</sub> (*)</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hỗn hợp thu được c&oacute; chất tan Cu(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> v&agrave; Cu (rắn). Khi cho HCl v&agrave;o th&igrave; xảy phản ứng.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8HCl&nbsp; +&nbsp; Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 3Cu&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image074.png" width="41" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;4CuCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; 2NO&nbsp; +&nbsp; 4H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh&iacute; NO tiếp tục h&oacute;a n&acirc;u (theo phản ứng *)</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Lưu &yacute;:</strong> Để viết PTHH ở th&iacute; nghiệm sau c&ugrave;ng, ta c&oacute; thể tưởng tượng &#91;Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + HCl&#93; như l&agrave; &#91;CuCl<sub>2</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub>&#93;. Khi t&aacute;c dụng với Cu th&igrave; HNO<sub>3</sub> t&aacute;c dụng tạo ra Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + NO; CuCl<sub>2</sub> c&ograve;n lại sau phản ứng.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B&agrave;i 5:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Th&agrave;nh phần của một loại nước kho&aacute;ng được ghi như bảng dưới đ&acirc;y:</span></span></span></span></p>

<table align="center" cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:108px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Th&agrave;nh phần</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&ndash;Cl</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:82px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&ndash;HCO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:92px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">=SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:79px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">=Ca</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:84px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&ndash;Na</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; width:84px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">=Mg</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:108px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">gam/lit</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:78px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">1,42</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:82px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">0,336</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:92px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">0,288</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:79px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">0,06</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:84px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">x = ?</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; width:84px">
			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">0,024</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T&iacute;nh x v&agrave; khối lượng b&atilde; rắn thu được khi c&ocirc; cạn cẩn thận 1 l&iacute;t nước kho&aacute;ng tr&ecirc;n? (Giả sử khi c&ocirc; cạn kh&ocirc;ng xảy ra phản ứng h&oacute;a học, chỉ c&oacute; nước trong dung dịch bị bay hơi).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; b&agrave;i to&aacute;n kh&oacute; nếu học sinh kh&ocirc;ng biết vận dụng quy tắc h&oacute;a trị. Trong dung dịch nước kho&aacute;ng th&igrave; c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n tố kim loại Ca, Na, Mg li&ecirc;n kết với c&aacute;c gốc axit: =SO<sub>4</sub>; &ndash;Cl; &ndash;HCO<sub>3</sub>. V&igrave; vậy theo quy tắc h&oacute;a trị ta c&oacute;: &ldquo;tổng số mol h&oacute;a trị của kim loại bằng tổng số mol h&oacute;a trị của gốc axit&rdquo;. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V&igrave; trong dung dịch c&oacute; c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n tố Ca (II), Mg (II), Na (I) v&agrave; c&aacute;c gốc axit Cl (I), SO<sub>4</sub> (II), HCO<sub>3</sub> (I) n&ecirc;n theo quy tắc h&oacute;a trị ta c&oacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image084.png" width="332" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="41" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image086.png" width="361" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" height="21" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image088.png" width="124" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V&igrave; c&ocirc; cạn dung dịch kh&ocirc;ng xảy ra phản ứng h&oacute;a học n&ecirc;n, ta c&oacute;:</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bảo to&agrave;n khối lượng <img alt="" height="19" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image090.png" width="25" />m<sub> b&atilde; rắn</sub> = <img alt="" height="25" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image092.png" width="159" /></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><img alt="" height="19" src="https://thcsvinhthanhtrungangiang.edu.vn/file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image090.png" width="25" /></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">m<sub> b&atilde; rắn</sub> = 1,42 + 0,366 + 0,288 + 0,06 + 0,024 + 1,081 = 3,239 (gam)</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">3. Hiệu quả mang lại:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">3.1.&nbsp; Khả năng mang lại lợi &iacute;ch thiết thực</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">3.1.1.&nbsp; Đối với cấp trường THCS VĨNH THẠNH TRUNG</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* K&ecirc;́t quả học sinh giỏi đạt được tại trường THCSVĩnh Thạnh Trung&nbsp; &nbsp;trong các năm qua:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Năm học</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">HSG c&acirc;́p trường</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">HSG c&acirc;́p huy&ecirc;̣n</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">HSG c&acirc;́p tỉnh</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2017 - 2018</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">05</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2018 - 2019</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">06</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2019 - 2020</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Kh&ocirc;ng tổ chức</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2020 - 2021</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2021 - 2022</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2022 - 2023</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">07</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2023 - 2024</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">05</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">05</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* K&ecirc;́t quả học sinh giỏi đạt giải cấp huyện được trong các năm qua:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Năm học</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải C</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải B</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải A</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2017 - 2018</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">04</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">01</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">01</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2018 - 2019</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:21px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2019 - 2020</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2020 - 2021</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2021 - 2022</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2022 - 2023</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:141px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2023 - 2024</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:11px; vertical-align:top; width:142px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">01</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><span style="color:black">Việc &aacute;p dụng s&aacute;ng kiến n&agrave;y đ&atilde; g&oacute;p phần n&acirc;ng cao chất lượng bộ m&ocirc;n trong tổ, đồng thời nếu &aacute;p dụng l&acirc;u d&agrave;i v&agrave; phổ biến rộng r&atilde;i sẽ k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch được c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng ngừng nghi&ecirc;n cứu, t&igrave;m kiếm biện ph&aacute;p giảng dạy hiệu quả hơn cho tất cả đối tượng học tr&ograve;. Điều n&agrave;y g&oacute;p phần mang lại&nbsp; th&agrave;nh t&iacute;ch tốt cho tổ bộ m&ocirc;n v&agrave; nh&agrave; trường. Học sinh tham gia v&agrave; đạt th&agrave;nh t&iacute;ch cao trong c&aacute;c kỳ thi học sinh giỏi cấp huyện, cấp tỉnh.</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">3.1.2. &nbsp;Đối với c&aacute;c trường THCS trong Huyện</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> :</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">K&ecirc;́t quả học sinh giỏi đạt giải cấp huyện: Bản th&acirc;n l&agrave; th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n Hội đồng cốt c&aacute;n m&ocirc;n H&oacute;a&nbsp; huyện Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute; n&ecirc;n đ&atilde; chia sẽ kinh nghiệm th&ocirc;ng qua c&aacute;c chuy&ecirc;n đề b&aacute;o c&aacute;o nhằm n&acirc;ng cao học sinh giỏi huyện Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute;</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* K&ecirc;́t quả học sinh giỏi đạt giải cấp huyện m&ocirc;n h&oacute;a của Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute;</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:155px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Năm học</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải C</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải B</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải A</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:12px; vertical-align:top; width:155px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2020 - 2021</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:12px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">15</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:12px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">`10</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:12px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:24px; vertical-align:top; width:155px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2021 - 2022</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:24px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">12</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:24px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">12</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:24px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">08</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:155px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2022 - 2023</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">10</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">15</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">10</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:155px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2023 - 2024</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">12</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">15</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:22px; vertical-align:top; width:156px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">10</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">* K&ecirc;́t quả học sinh giỏi đạt giải cấp tỉnh m&ocirc;n h&oacute;a của Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute;</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Năm học</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải C</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải B</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:2px solid black; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải A</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:9px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2020 - 2021</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:9px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:9px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:9px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:19px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2021 - 2022</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:19px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:19px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:19px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">01</span></span></span></span></p>
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		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2022 - 2023</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">01</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:2px solid black; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">2023 - 2024</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:154px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">02</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:2px solid black; border-top:none; height:18px; vertical-align:top; width:153px">
			<p style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">03</span></span></span></span></p>
			</td>
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</table>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Trong đ&oacute; năm 2023 - 2024 c&oacute; 01 em 18,5 đạt thủ khoa.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">3.2. Khả năng &aacute;p dụng hoặc &aacute;p dụng thử, nh&acirc;n rộng: </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Ngo&agrave;i đối tượng nghi&ecirc;n cứu chủ yếu l&agrave; học sinh giỏi khối lớp 8, 9 tại trường THCS Vĩnh Thạnh Trung, s&aacute;ng kiến n&agrave;y c&ograve;n c&oacute; thể &aacute;p dụng cho c&aacute;c trường c&ugrave;ng cấp học m&ocirc;n Khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n.</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> Ngo&agrave;i ra đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y c&ograve;n được phổ biến trong tổ chuy&ecirc;n m&ocirc;n v&agrave; c&oacute; thể nh&acirc;n rộng điển h&igrave;nh trong hội đồng cốt c&aacute;n m&ocirc;n h&oacute;a cấp trung học cơ sở huyện Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute;. B&ecirc;n cạnh đ&oacute; đề t&agrave;i </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">đ&atilde; được phổ biến trong</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"> c&aacute;c buổi tham luận chọn học sinh giỏi văn h&oacute;a hội đồng bộ m&ocirc;n cấp tỉnh.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:5px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Qua kết quả của việc &aacute;p dụng s&aacute;ng kiến v&agrave;o giảng dạy t&ocirc;i thấy rằng muốn đạt được kết quả cao trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c giảng dạy , trước hết người thầy phải cần mẫn chịu kh&oacute;, gi&agrave;u t&iacute;nh&nbsp; năng động , s&aacute;ng tạo trong việc hướng dẫn &ocirc;n tập cho học sinh .</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Về ph&iacute;a học sinh phải nắm vững kiến thức cơ bản, say sưa với bộ m&ocirc;n. Biết c&aacute;ch khai th&aacute;c triệt để c&aacute;c dữ kiện của đề cho. Khi chưa t&igrave;m được hướng giải cần đặt c&aacute;c c&acirc;u hỏi trước c&aacute;c dữ kiện để suy luận, kh&ocirc;ng được ch&aacute;n nản. D&ugrave; cho c&aacute;c em chưa giải được tất cả c&aacute;c b&agrave;i tập kh&oacute; nhưng những kh&aacute;m kh&aacute; về ho&aacute; học m&agrave; thầy tr&ograve; t&igrave;m ra sẽ l&agrave;m c&aacute;c em y&ecirc;u m&ocirc;n học, y&ecirc;u qu&ecirc; hương đất nước v&agrave; c&oacute; nhiều mơ ước cho tương lai sau n&agrave;y c&aacute;c em sẽ được học ở c&aacute;c khối khoa học tự nhi&ecirc;n, chắp c&aacute;nh cho những ước mơ ho&agrave;i b&atilde;o để trở th&agrave;nh những kỹ sư, b&aacute;c sĩ hoặc những người gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n đứng tr&ecirc;n mục giảng v&agrave; t&ocirc;i mong rằng s&aacute;ng kiến n&agrave;y sẽ gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c em giải b&agrave;i tập ho&aacute; học tốt hơn.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; phạm vi ảnh hưởng của S&aacute;ng kiến:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><span style="font-family:&#039;MS Gothic&#039;">☐</span> Chỉ c&oacute; hiệu quả trong phạm vi đơn vị &aacute;p dụng.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><span style="font-family:&#039;MS Gothic&#039;">☒</span> Đ&atilde; được chuyển giao, nh&acirc;n rộng việc &aacute;p dụng ra phạm vi huyện Ch&acirc;u Ph&uacute; theo chứng cứ đ&iacute;nh k&egrave;m.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><span style="font-family:&#039;Segoe UI Symbol&#039;,sans-serif">☐</span> Đ&atilde; phục vụ rộng r&atilde;i người d&acirc;n hoặc người ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng tr&ecirc;n địa b&agrave;n tỉnh, hoặc đ&atilde; được chuyển giao, nh&acirc;n rộng việc &aacute;p dụng tr&ecirc;n địa b&agrave;n tỉnh theo chứng cứ đ&iacute;nh k&egrave;m.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><span style="font-family:&#039;Segoe UI Symbol&#039;,sans-serif">☐</span> Đ&atilde; phục vụ rộng r&atilde;i người d&acirc;n hoặc người ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng tại Việt Nam, hoặc đ&atilde; được chuyển giao, nh&acirc;n rộng việc &aacute;p dụng tại nhiều tỉnh, th&agrave;nh theo chứng cứ đ&iacute;nh k&egrave;m.</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none; width:652px">
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			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Đơn vị &aacute;p dụng</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Trường THCS Vĩnh Thạnh Trung</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>HIỆU TRƯỞNG</strong></span></span></span></span></p>

			<p style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p>

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